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Basic Calc functions

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Malte Schröder
2025-12-19 18:55:59 +01:00
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# Generated by Cargo
# will have compiled files and executables
/target
.DS_Store
# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
**/*.rs.bk

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You are an expert [0.7 Dioxus](https://dioxuslabs.com/learn/0.7) assistant. Dioxus 0.7 changes every api in dioxus. Only use this up to date documentation. `cx`, `Scope`, and `use_state` are gone
Provide concise code examples with detailed descriptions
# Dioxus Dependency
You can add Dioxus to your `Cargo.toml` like this:
```toml
[dependencies]
dioxus = { version = "0.7.1" }
[features]
default = ["web", "webview", "server"]
web = ["dioxus/web"]
webview = ["dioxus/desktop"]
server = ["dioxus/server"]
```
# Launching your application
You need to create a main function that sets up the Dioxus runtime and mounts your root component.
```rust
use dioxus::prelude::*;
fn main() {
dioxus::launch(App);
}
#[component]
fn App() -> Element {
rsx! { "Hello, Dioxus!" }
}
```
Then serve with `dx serve`:
```sh
curl -sSL http://dioxus.dev/install.sh | sh
dx serve
```
# UI with RSX
```rust
rsx! {
div {
class: "container", // Attribute
color: "red", // Inline styles
width: if condition { "100%" }, // Conditional attributes
"Hello, Dioxus!"
}
// Prefer loops over iterators
for i in 0..5 {
div { "{i}" } // use elements or components directly in loops
}
if condition {
div { "Condition is true!" } // use elements or components directly in conditionals
}
{children} // Expressions are wrapped in brace
{(0..5).map(|i| rsx! { span { "Item {i}" } })} // Iterators must be wrapped in braces
}
```
# Assets
The asset macro can be used to link to local files to use in your project. All links start with `/` and are relative to the root of your project.
```rust
rsx! {
img {
src: asset!("/assets/image.png"),
alt: "An image",
}
}
```
## Styles
The `document::Stylesheet` component will inject the stylesheet into the `<head>` of the document
```rust
rsx! {
document::Stylesheet {
href: asset!("/assets/styles.css"),
}
}
```
# Components
Components are the building blocks of apps
* Component are functions annotated with the `#[component]` macro.
* The function name must start with a capital letter or contain an underscore.
* A component re-renders only under two conditions:
1. Its props change (as determined by `PartialEq`).
2. An internal reactive state it depends on is updated.
```rust
#[component]
fn Input(mut value: Signal<String>) -> Element {
rsx! {
input {
value,
oninput: move |e| {
*value.write() = e.value();
},
onkeydown: move |e| {
if e.key() == Key::Enter {
value.write().clear();
}
},
}
}
}
```
Each component accepts function arguments (props)
* Props must be owned values, not references. Use `String` and `Vec<T>` instead of `&str` or `&[T]`.
* Props must implement `PartialEq` and `Clone`.
* To make props reactive and copy, you can wrap the type in `ReadOnlySignal`. Any reactive state like memos and resources that read `ReadOnlySignal` props will automatically re-run when the prop changes.
# State
A signal is a wrapper around a value that automatically tracks where it's read and written. Changing a signal's value causes code that relies on the signal to rerun.
## Local State
The `use_signal` hook creates state that is local to a single component. You can call the signal like a function (e.g. `my_signal()`) to clone the value, or use `.read()` to get a reference. `.write()` gets a mutable reference to the value.
Use `use_memo` to create a memoized value that recalculates when its dependencies change. Memos are useful for expensive calculations that you don't want to repeat unnecessarily.
```rust
#[component]
fn Counter() -> Element {
let mut count = use_signal(|| 0);
let mut doubled = use_memo(move || count() * 2); // doubled will re-run when count changes because it reads the signal
rsx! {
h1 { "Count: {count}" } // Counter will re-render when count changes because it reads the signal
h2 { "Doubled: {doubled}" }
button {
onclick: move |_| *count.write() += 1, // Writing to the signal rerenders Counter
"Increment"
}
button {
onclick: move |_| count.with_mut(|count| *count += 1), // use with_mut to mutate the signal
"Increment with with_mut"
}
}
}
```
## Context API
The Context API allows you to share state down the component tree. A parent provides the state using `use_context_provider`, and any child can access it with `use_context`
```rust
#[component]
fn App() -> Element {
let mut theme = use_signal(|| "light".to_string());
use_context_provider(|| theme); // Provide a type to children
rsx! { Child {} }
}
#[component]
fn Child() -> Element {
let theme = use_context::<Signal<String>>(); // Consume the same type
rsx! {
div {
"Current theme: {theme}"
}
}
}
```
# Async
For state that depends on an asynchronous operation (like a network request), Dioxus provides a hook called `use_resource`. This hook manages the lifecycle of the async task and provides the result to your component.
* The `use_resource` hook takes an `async` closure. It re-runs this closure whenever any signals it depends on (reads) are updated
* The `Resource` object returned can be in several states when read:
1. `None` if the resource is still loading
2. `Some(value)` if the resource has successfully loaded
```rust
let mut dog = use_resource(move || async move {
// api request
});
match dog() {
Some(dog_info) => rsx! { Dog { dog_info } },
None => rsx! { "Loading..." },
}
```
# Routing
All possible routes are defined in a single Rust `enum` that derives `Routable`. Each variant represents a route and is annotated with `#[route("/path")]`. Dynamic Segments can capture parts of the URL path as parameters by using `:name` in the route string. These become fields in the enum variant.
The `Router<Route> {}` component is the entry point that manages rendering the correct component for the current URL.
You can use the `#[layout(NavBar)]` to create a layout shared between pages and place an `Outlet<Route> {}` inside your layout component. The child routes will be rendered in the outlet.
```rust
#[derive(Routable, Clone, PartialEq)]
enum Route {
#[layout(NavBar)] // This will use NavBar as the layout for all routes
#[route("/")]
Home {},
#[route("/blog/:id")] // Dynamic segment
BlogPost { id: i32 },
}
#[component]
fn NavBar() -> Element {
rsx! {
a { href: "/", "Home" }
Outlet<Route> {} // Renders Home or BlogPost
}
}
#[component]
fn App() -> Element {
rsx! { Router::<Route> {} }
}
```
```toml
dioxus = { version = "0.7.1", features = ["router"] }
```
# Fullstack
Fullstack enables server rendering and ipc calls. It uses Cargo features (`server` and a client feature like `web`) to split the code into a server and client binaries.
```toml
dioxus = { version = "0.7.1", features = ["fullstack"] }
```
## Server Functions
Use the `#[post]` / `#[get]` macros to define an `async` function that will only run on the server. On the server, this macro generates an API endpoint. On the client, it generates a function that makes an HTTP request to that endpoint.
```rust
#[post("/api/double/:path/&query")]
async fn double_server(number: i32, path: String, query: i32) -> Result<i32, ServerFnError> {
tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
Ok(number * 2)
}
```
## Hydration
Hydration is the process of making a server-rendered HTML page interactive on the client. The server sends the initial HTML, and then the client-side runs, attaches event listeners, and takes control of future rendering.
### Errors
The initial UI rendered by the component on the client must be identical to the UI rendered on the server.
* Use the `use_server_future` hook instead of `use_resource`. It runs the future on the server, serializes the result, and sends it to the client, ensuring the client has the data immediately for its first render.
* Any code that relies on browser-specific APIs (like accessing `localStorage`) must be run *after* hydration. Place this code inside a `use_effect` hook.

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[package]
name = "mcalc"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["malxte"]
edition = "2021"
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
[dependencies]
dioxus = { version = "0.7.1", features = [] }
[features]
default = ["desktop"]
web = ["dioxus/web"]
desktop = ["dioxus/desktop"]
mobile = ["dioxus/mobile"]

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[application]
[web.app]
# HTML title tag content
title = "mcalc"
# include `assets` in web platform
[web.resource]
# Additional CSS style files
style = []
# Additional JavaScript files
script = []
[web.resource.dev]
# Javascript code file
# serve: [dev-server] only
script = []

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# mcalc - Simple Dioxus Calculator
A simple, modern, and beautiful calculator application built with Rust and Dioxus.
## Description
**mcalc** is a lightweight desktop calculator that demonstrates how to build a clean UI with state management in Dioxus. It features a modern dark mode design with glassmorphism effects and responsiveness.
## Features
- **Basic Arithmetic**: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division.
- **Modern UI**: Clean typography, glassmorphism card, and neon accents.
- **Interactive**: Hover effects and smooth animations.
- **Responsive**: Adapts to window resizing.
## Tech Stack
- **Rust**: Core logic and safety.
- **Dioxus**: UI framework (React-like for Rust).
- **CSS3**: Custom styling with variables and flexbox/grid.
## Getting Started
### Prerequisites
- [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install) installed.
- [Dioxus CLI](https://dioxuslabs.com/learn/0.6/getting_started) (optional but recommended for development).
```bash
cargo install dioxus-cli
```
### Running the App
1. **Clone the repository**:
```bash
git clone <repository_url>
cd mcalc
```
2. **Run with Cargo**:
```bash
cargo run
```
**Or with Dioxus CLI (for hot reloading):**
```bash
dx serve
```
## Project Structure
- `src/main.rs`: Entry point.
- `src/ui.rs`: Main calculator component and logic.
- `assets/main.css`: Styling and themes.
## License
MIT License

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/*
Main Project Styles
Simple, clean, and modern calculator design.
*/
/* --- Variables --- */
:root {
/* Colors */
--bg-main: #121212;
--bg-card: rgba(30, 30, 35, 0.8);
--bg-display: #1a1a1a;
--text-main: #ffffff;
--text-muted: #a0a0a0;
--text-black: #000000;
/* Button Colors */
--btn-num-bg: #2d2d2d;
--btn-num-hover: #3d3d3d;
--btn-op-bg: #ff9f0a;
--btn-op-hover: #ffb03a;
--btn-clear-bg: #ff453a;
--btn-clear-hover: #ff6961;
/* Layout & Effects */
--radius-l: 24px;
--radius-m: 16px;
--shadow-heavy: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
--shadow-light: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
/* --- Global Setup --- */
body {
background-color: var(--bg-main);
background-image: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%, #2a2a35 0%, #121212 100%);
color: var(--text-main);
font-family: -apple-system, sans-serif;
margin: 0;
min-height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
overflow: hidden;
}
/* --- App Container --- */
.app-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
animation: fade-in 0.8s ease-out;
}
/* --- Calculator Wrapper (The Card) --- */
.calculator-wrap {
background-color: var(--bg-card);
backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
width: 360px;
padding: 24px;
border-radius: var(--radius-l);
box-shadow: var(--shadow-heavy);
border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 20px;
}
/* --- Display Area --- */
.display-area {
background-color: var(--bg-display);
border-radius: var(--radius-m);
padding: 24px;
text-align: right;
margin-bottom: 10px;
min-height: 48px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: flex-end;
overflow: hidden;
/* Hide if numbers get too long */
}
.display-text {
font-size: 3rem;
font-weight: 300;
white-space: nowrap;
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, #e0e0e0 100%);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
/* Fallback */
}
.operator-symbol {
color: var(--btn-op-bg);
/* Use operator color for visibility */
font-weight: 500;
margin: 0 4px;
/* Reset gradient text effect for symbol to make it solid color */
-webkit-text-fill-color: var(--btn-op-bg);
}
/* --- Keypad Grid --- */
.keypad-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
gap: 12px;
}
/* --- Buttons --- */
.calc-btn {
border: none;
outline: none;
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: 500;
padding: 20px 0;
border-radius: var(--radius-m);
cursor: pointer;
transition: transform 0.1s, filter 0.2s;
box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
color: var(--text-main);
position: relative;
/* For overflow/effects */
overflow: hidden;
}
/* Button Interactions */
.calc-btn:active {
transform: scale(0.95);
}
.calc-btn:hover {
filter: brightness(1.1);
}
/* Button Variants */
.btn-number {
background-color: var(--btn-num-bg);
}
.btn-operator {
background-color: var(--btn-op-bg);
color: var(--text-black);
font-weight: 600;
}
.btn-equals {
grid-column: span 4;
/* Full width */
background-color: var(--btn-op-bg);
color: var(--text-black);
margin-top: 12px;
}
.btn-clear {
background-color: var(--btn-clear-bg);
color: white;
}
.btn-zero {
grid-column: span 2;
/* Double width */
text-align: left;
padding-left: 32px;
}
/* --- Animations --- */
@keyframes fade-in {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(20px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0);
}
}
/* --- Responsiveness --- */
@media (max-height: 700px) {
.calculator-wrap {
padding: 16px;
gap: 12px;
}
.calc-btn {
padding: 16px 0;
font-size: 1.25rem;
}
}

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use dioxus::prelude::*;
mod ui;
const MAIN_CSS: Asset = asset!("/assets/main.css");
fn main() {
dioxus::launch(App);
}
#[component]
fn App() -> Element {
rsx! {
document::Link { rel: "stylesheet", href: MAIN_CSS }
ui::Calculator {}
}
}

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use dioxus::prelude::*;
/// The main calculator component.
/// We use `allow(non_snake_case)` because Dioxus components are typically CamelCase.
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
#[component]
pub fn Calculator() -> Element {
// --- State Management ---
// `first_num`: Stores the first number entered.
// `second_num`: Stores the second number entered.
// `operator`: Stores the current operator (+, -, *, /).
let mut first_num = use_signal(String::new);
let mut second_num = use_signal(String::new);
let mut operator = use_signal(String::new);
rsx! {
// Main container for the calculator
div { class: "app-container",
div { class: "calculator-wrap",
// Display Screen
div { class: "display-area",
div { class: "display-text",
// Logic: If first number is empty, show "0"
if first_num().is_empty() {
"0"
} else {
"{first_num}"
}
" "
span { class: "operator-symbol", "{operator}" }
" "
"{second_num}"
}
}
// Button Grid
div { class: "keypad-grid",
// --- Row 1 ---
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "7"),
"7"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "8"),
"8"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "9"),
"9"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-operator",
onclick: move |_| handle_operator(first_num, second_num, operator, "/"),
"/"
}
// --- Row 2 ---
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "4"),
"4"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "5"),
"5"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "6"),
"6"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-operator",
onclick: move |_| handle_operator(first_num, second_num, operator, "*"),
"*"
}
// --- Row 3 ---
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "1"),
"1"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "2"),
"2"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "3"),
"3"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-operator",
onclick: move |_| handle_operator(first_num, second_num, operator, "-"),
"-"
}
// --- Row 4 ---
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-number btn-zero",
onclick: move |_| input_digit(first_num, second_num, operator, "0"),
"0"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-clear",
onclick: move |_| {
first_num.set(String::new());
second_num.set(String::new());
operator.set(String::new());
},
"C"
}
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-operator",
onclick: move |_| handle_operator(first_num, second_num, operator, "+"),
"+"
}
// --- Row 5 (Equals) ---
button {
class: "calc-btn btn-equals",
onclick: move |_| calculate_result(first_num, second_num, operator),
"="
}
}
}
}
}
}
/// Helper function to add a digit to the current number
fn input_digit(
mut first_num: Signal<String>,
mut second_num: Signal<String>,
operator: Signal<String>,
digit: &str,
) {
if operator().is_empty() {
first_num.write().push_str(digit);
} else {
second_num.write().push_str(digit);
}
}
/// Helper logic for operators
fn handle_operator(
first_num: Signal<String>,
second_num: Signal<String>,
mut operator: Signal<String>,
op: &str,
) {
if !first_num().is_empty() && second_num().is_empty() {
operator.set(op.to_string());
} else if !second_num().is_empty() {
// If we already have two numbers, calculate first, then set new operator
calculate_result(first_num, second_num, operator);
operator.set(op.to_string());
}
}
/// Performs the calculation based on current state
fn calculate_result(
mut first_num: Signal<String>,
mut second_num: Signal<String>,
mut operator: Signal<String>,
) {
// Parse numbers
let num1_str = first_num();
let num2_str = second_num();
let op = operator();
// If we don't have a second number, we can't calculate
if num2_str.is_empty() {
return;
}
// Try to parse strings to floats
let n1 = match num1_str.parse::<f64>() {
Ok(n) => n,
Err(_) => return, // Invalid number
};
let n2 = match num2_str.parse::<f64>() {
Ok(n) => n,
Err(_) => return, // Invalid number
};
// Calculate result
let result = match op.as_str() {
"+" => (n1 + n2).to_string(),
"-" => (n1 - n2).to_string(),
"*" => (n1 * n2).to_string(),
"/" => {
if n2 == 0.0 {
"Error".to_string()
} else {
(n1 / n2).to_string()
}
}
_ => return, // Unknown operator
};
// Update state with result
if result == "Error" {
first_num.set(String::new());
} else {
first_num.set(result);
}
// Reset others
second_num.set(String::new());
operator.set(String::new());
}